Diversion of Pharmaceutical Drugs free essay sample

A top to bottom assessment of the causes and impact pharmaceutical medication redirection in the U.S. Medication redirection ( maltreatment of professionally prescribed medications ) is a significant issue inside the United States today. It influences all degrees of society and has shrouded repercussions for people, human services experts and organizations. This paper takes a gander at the kinds of medications that are most regularly mishandled and talks about the quantities of ways drugs and different pharmaceuticals are occupied from their suitable use and deal. It likewise surveys the law and battle against physician endorsed tranquilize misuse. As per the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)s Office of Diversion control, doctors and untrustworthy drug store staff bring about most of instances of pharmaceutical redirection (DCP, 2002). Examination concerning these regular wellsprings of medication preoccupation is obviously lacking. (NDSN, 1996) reports that less than 24 cases are arraigned each hear in the territory of California. Given that maltreatment of pharmaceutical medications might be as enormous a medication issue as non-pharmaceutical medications, the requirement for more examination concerning redirection of pharmaceutical medications is obvious. We will compose a custom article test on Redirection of Pharmaceutical Drugs or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

Web Pages About Mental Health free essay sample

This paper audits two advantageous site pages regarding the matter of psychological wellness. The paper assesses the CANMAT site and Dr. Ivans Depression Central as assets for emotional well-being. Regarding CANMAT, the paper takes a gander at the sythesis of this system of wellbeing experts and the introduction of their site. The sites solid and feeble focuses are recorded. Dr. Ivans Depression Central' is explored in an a lot briefer way and the paper finishes up with a correlation between the two. 'There are a plenty of site pages dedicated to psychological wellness as a rule and state of mind issue in explicit. CANMAT and Dr. Ivans Depression Central are two worth researching. The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) is an association of Canadian emotional well-being experts who have some expertise in mind-set and tension issue. CANMAT runs an instructive and educational site, http://www.canmat.org. While not the most traversable website on the Web, http://www. We will compose a custom article test on Website pages About Mental Health or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page canmat.org/is a non-business, dependable wellspring of data about melancholy and uneasiness. While the Where to Find Help segment is focused on Canadian inhabitants, the data on state of mind and tension issue contained in the site is widespread.

How a Battle of Memories Got Me Thinking on Memorial Day

How a Battle of Memories Got Me Thinking on Memorial Day Memory. I’m writing this on Memorial Day, and I ask you: Do you trust your memory? I have recently had several occasions to consider the question of memory. The first and most personal was a battle of memories. Some of you may remember that I sent a survey out to my readersâ€"with entry into a raffle as a reward for completing itâ€"but forgot to collect contact information along with the survey responses. When I wrote an email apologizing and asking for names and email addresses, I also mentioned that I would like to know who called me an “adorable genius.” The Battle In an odd twist, not one but two people claimed to have written the “adorable genius” quote! And they both had clear evidence in their own minds that they had written it. I tried every way I could think of, jogging their memories and getting concrete evidence. Neither recognized, upon my sending them, the answers to the other two questions in the survey. Both have Charter as their Internet Service Provider and live in Madison, so the IP address and location contained in the SurveyMonkey report were of no use. And both expressed a level of hurt that I would doubt them. After various exchanges with both men, I believe that each of them believes he wrote the comment. I will probably never know which one of them it actually was. If you have an idea of how to solve this quandary, please let me know. In the meantime, I’ll accept that memory is not perfect. And I will be honored that at least two people in my life have such a positive sentiment toward me. Perhaps in this particular case, the truth doesn’t really matter in the end. The Importanceâ€"and Unreliabilityâ€"of Memory In other situations, mistaken memory has greater consequences. I have been listening to the Amanda Knox story, Waiting to Be Heard  , a memoir of an American college student wrongly convicted of murder in Italy. Following the murder, Amanda was questioned repeatedly by police until she did not trust her own memory. Amanda was not an eyewitness to the crime, but was the first person to discover the crime scene. She was therefore questioned aggressively, and was ultimately, in part because she did not report every detail of what she saw consistently, accused of and sentenced for the murder. According to Wikipedia, it is well-accepted that eyewitness testimony in trials is fairly unreliable and should not be viewed as the absolute truth. A person’s mood can affect how he or she remembers somethingâ€"and moods can swing quite dramatically at the time of a crime. Furthermore, in something called the “misinformation effect,” someone’s memory can become compromised because of additional information obtained after the event. The Journal of the Association for Psychological Science published a study showing that simply recalling a memory enhances or distorts it! (See Lifehacker’s Why Your Memory Sucks (and What You Can Do About It) and Double Woods 4 Crazy Things We Misunderstand About Human Memory for engaging explorations of these topics!) The Delusion of Trusting Memory If something as simple as this can make memory unreliable, why do we ever trust our recollection of events? Furthermore, why do we trust ourselves to remember to do the things we say we’re going to do? Last week I had a short homework assignment to do for a non-credit personal growth class I’m taking. The assignment was given on Monday and was due on Wednesday night. I did not put time in my calendar to do it. All day Tuesday I thought about doing the assignment, but I wanted to wait until I had more material to put into it. Guess what? Wednesday night came and went, and I had not done it. I am also notorious for thinking I’ll remember what I need from the grocery store, then forgetting a key item I meant to buy. Yet I persist in almost never writing down my shopping lists (and in doubling back to the store to get what I forgot). Perhaps if the grocery were 50 miles instead of a 5-minute walk from my house, I would change my system. Write it Down! On a group business coaching call last week, one of the participants expressed frustration that an employee did not remember how to do a task after learning how to do it. Sometimes this employee didn’t remember having done the task at all. The obvious solution was to have this employee write down everything he does and document it. This way he can repeat the task later and also have evidence of what he has done and not done. The truth is, our memories are almost completely unreliable. We are overly confident in our ability to remember things, and we make a lot of mistakes due to that overconfidence. Not only that, but we expect other people to remember things accurately! I am still baffled that two people are 100% certain that they wrote that     “adorable genius” comment. But after the little bit of research I did on memory, it makes sense that at some point their memory was simply altered. Clearly, writing things down is a great antidote and solves many memory issues. If I had collected information the first time around for my secret admirers, I would have known who gave me the “adorable genius” compliment. If I put things on my calendar I almost always remember to do them. If I put things on a shopping list I buy them. If I write down my brilliant blog ideas I remember to write about them! While I know writing things down is a good idea, I imagine I will continue to do so only sometimesâ€"until something becomes a big enough problem that I need to make a change. Memorial Day On a day like Memorial Day, we are called to remember in a different way. This day is an opportunity to honor the men and women we have lost. Yet most of us go to parties and picnics without thinking too much about the solemn aspects of the holiday. Our memories are so unreliable that we forget to remember at all. On this Memorial Day, whether we remember accurately or not, let’s remember that sometimes the point is, quite simply, just to remember.

Reflection Using Gibbs Model Essays - 705 Words

In this paper, I am going to reflect on the situation that took place during the interview session of my first clinical in an old age home. I am going to use Gibbs Model for Reflection (1988) for this reflective writing in my assignment. Description The first clinical placement for my first semester of bachelor of nursing was in an old age home. In the old age home, my colleague and I had to take an interview with one elderly lady. We started talking to Mrs. X who is 88 years old. Mrs. X began sharing her experience with us. While talking, I found that my colleague was very much confident than me. She was responding Mrs. X with words and was asking questions whereas I was just smiling. Then, Mrs. X. asked me if I understood the meaning†¦show more content†¦I am disappointed that I pre-judged Mrs. X based on her age group. I was also not very confident and hesitated to accept my weaknesses. However, I am glad that I learnt immediately from the situation and changed my opinion towards elderly people. Analysis I realized that I had made generalized assumption about the elderly age group. However, I came to know that elderly people are also well informed and are cooperative. I also felt that I was over cautious about my accent. After talking to the instructor, I understood that I would have been able to help Mrs. X to understand my accent by talking slowly and clearly rather than by asking my friend to ask questions of my part. I also learnt that some difficult questions could be asked in better way by substituting the tough term with other simpler terms. Conclusion After this, I realized that I should not have judged anything about elderly people before talking to them. I should have researched about how to interview elderly people and prepared myself for the interview. I now feel that interview would have gone more smoothly and I would have more fun if I had not hesitated to ask the words that I did not understand. With the help of my mentor, I also realize that I need to be more confident to become a good interviewer and eventually a good nurse. Action Plan In future, I will avoid presupposing people based on factors such as, age group. I will make sure that I know enough about the group of people that I amShow MoreRelatedReflective Writing Using Gibbs Model of Reflection Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Writing Essay INTRODUCTION The following reflective writing essay will centre on a particular event that I witnessed. I will be using Gibbs’ model of reflection, from Gibbs, G. (1988). For confidentiality purposes, I will name my family member as Estelita who is a fifty five year old female. DESCRIPTION Estelita was experiencing shortness of breath and chest pain. She called an ambulance, whereby a FRU car arrived, followed by a backup ambulance crew. The FRU responder performedRead MoreUsing Gibbs model of reflection, reflect on a challenging experience from practice3532 Words   |  15 PagesUsing Gibbs’ (1998) model of reflection, updated by Bulman (2012), reflect on a challenging experience from your practice and analyse the strategies used to manage it. 3276 Words The purpose of this essay is to reflect on a challenging situation I experienced during clinical practice as a student nurse. The essay will discuss my thoughts and feelings surrounding the situation and analyse the coping strategies I used in managing the situation, linking to relevant theory throughout in order to provideRead MoreLearning Experience From Reflection On Administering1327 Words   |  6 PagesLEARNING EXPERIENCE FROM REFLECTION ON ADMINISTERING INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS NURSING ESSAY. 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The Gibb’sRead MoreR eflection1650 Words   |  7 PagesIan-Bradley Tancred This essay analyses and describes what reflection is and how it supports your personal and professional learning. It elaborates upon how and why recognizing your strengths and weaknesses are important and how they can enhance lifelong learning. It describes what arguments and assertions are, what the differences are between them and which one is better. Debnath describes reflection as a means of self-examination to learn from knowledge and experiences which will help transformRead MoreReflection Of Clinical Practice794 Words   |  4 Pagesessay using (Gibb’s, 1988) model. I have chosen to use Gibb’s model because I find this model easier to use and understand to guide me through my reflection process. Moreover, this model will be useful in breaking the new skills that I have developed into a way that I can understand. This model will also enable me to turn my experiences into knowledge that I can refer to in the future when facing same or similar situations. Gibbs model seems to be straightforward compared to the other model whichRead MoreReflective Practice At The Assistant Nurse Agency ( Mvna )1720 Words   |  7 Pageswith comments such as â€Å"I’m not sure I’m effective† and â€Å"I’m taking two steps forward and three steps back† drove the nursing supervisor at NFP to incorpo rate reflective practice into the program (Beam et al., 2010, p. 133). The Gibb’s reflective cycle became the template model for reflective practice at the NFP program (Beam et al., 2010, p. 133). The cycle has six phases: description of the incident, expressions of feelings about the situation, evaluation of the positive and negative aspects of theRead MoreReflective Commentary On Use Of Gibbs Reflective Cycle2204 Words   |  9 Pagescommentary I have chosen to use Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) which involves six stages; description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. The Gibb’s reflective cycle allows me to look at the tape and reflect on all aspects of what I did well or not as well and reflect on what I would do differently next time using the six stages. The first stage of Gibbs reflective cycle is to give a description of what happened which will now be discussed. My preparation for my taped interviewRead MoreEssay on Professional Communication For Nurses3586 Words   |  15 Pagesrelationship. This will be achieved by providing a definition of communication, making reference to models of communication and explaining how different types of communication skills can be used in practise. In order to engage in meaningful communication and develop effective communication skills, nurses must engage in the process of reflecting on how communication skills are utilised in practise. Reflection allows the nurse opportunity to gain a deeper insight into personal strengths and weaknesses andRead MoreA Future Advanced Practice Registered Nurse ( Aprns )1314 Words   |  6 Pagesin order to develop nursing theories the ability to use reflection and have an open mind to different concepts and possibilities in nursing care is crucial. It only takes a few minutes to apply Watson theory of caring to sit with a patient and hold their hand to influence the patient’s outcome and promote a healing environment. Newman’s model focuses on the individual and their interaction with the environment (Warelow, 2013). Newman’s model can change the way an APRN interacts and relates to the

The Definitive Guide to Academic Writing Research Paper

The Definitive Guide to Academic Writing Research Paper The Do's and Don'ts of Academic Writing Research Paper Whether you're writing an assignment or a research paper, a fantastic writer is somebody who can engage an audience without a lot of difficulty. If you're writing a journal article that'll be read by researchers, you are probably able to utilize higher-level terms and data. Regardless of what source you require, the author will review it and compose a highly effective argumentative paper dependent on the valuable evidence. Our writers try their very best to compose error-free coursework the very first time. The New Angle On Academic Writing Research Paper Just Released Essay writing has been a significant part the educational system. For that reason, it's better if you go for a recommended freelance writer. Organizing the info in your paper is crucial to crafting a compelling, well-written document. 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The point to note here is your research needs to be unique and have to have an obvious distinction. Research is a task that no 2 people do the same manner. Academic Writing Research Paper Features You're writing an academic paper but that doesn't mean that you need to be boring. Your thesis statement needs to be concise and reflect the kind of paper you're writing. The essay is going to be created in accordance with your requests. What's more, you may rest assured you will get plagiarism-free essay. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Academic Writing Research Paper Is Wrong Throughout the paper, you want to make it appear presentable. Next, it's imperative you outline your academic paper. The research paper is on the exact same white front paper in line with the research paper writing services in USA. Your research paper should get an arch. 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Simulation in Architectural Research Free Essays

Simulation in Architectural Research Abstraction In the new universe of architectural research and determination, engineering has a chief function to play. With the aid of engineering it made possible in making practical universe which triggers many facts and findings for obtaining illations that helps in pulling decisions. This paper focuses on one of the research processes that are involved in the extroverted coevals of architectural research i. We will write a custom essay sample on Simulation in Architectural Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. architectural simulation research. The architectural simulation can be classified into pulling, exposure and different graduated table theoretical account. This research can be executed in similar lines with the conventional Logical Argumentation, Experimental Research and Qualitative Research in many ways. The paper besides focuses on the tactical portion of the different class of simulation research which deals with the features of simulation types. Keywords: Simulation ; Architectural research ; Architectural Photographs ; Architectural Models Introduction Simulation occurs when a reproduction of a existent universe context or a hypothesized existent universe context contains with in a dynamic interactions that are consequence of manipulated factors. The interactions are brooding of the interactions happening in the practical universe for application into the existent universe context [ 2 ] . In simple footings simulation is a procedure where one can compare the existent universe scenario by making practical universe. It may be minimized graduated table in existent universe or created by the package. There are points to be considered during the procedure of simulation as it proposed a practical world. It can give information to gauge the likely menaces, besides provides different types of analytical tools and reading interface for truth in simulation. This predicts the possible solutions that are effectual in extenuating unsafe conditions like natural jeopardies like temblor, tsunami, and air current factors etc. to gauge the likely me naces and provides different types of analytical tools and reading interface for truth in simulation as trades with graduated table and complexness. Computer engineering helps a batch in this research. It helps in stuff testing by practical simulation like fire-fighting, wind factor analysis, climatic alteration, temperature ordinance inside every bit good as outside the edifice etc. [ 1 ] . Scheme of Simulation Research Whenever simulation procedure has to be acquainted with architectural research, so it can be sub-divided into classs like pulling, picture taking every bit good as architectural theoretical accounts. It can be equipped with assorted applications depending on the practical demand of the fortunes. 2.1 Pulling for Simulation The procedure of design can be considered as the simulation research, as the reading of ideas and feeling of the research worker is involved. An designer ought to plan a edifice as per client’s demand, professional moralss and personal inventions. Series of test and mistake can be manipulated by the designers ; by maintaining in head the different factors like functional demand, structural stableness and delighting aesthetics along with clip and cost to finish the undertakings every bit good [ 2 ] . 2.2 Photographs for Simulation Photographic analysis is another manner of stand foring simulation in architecture. This is the procedure to understand the exposure and seek to associate it into existent universe scenario and happen out the relationship between the images into existent universe version. Photograph of one topographic point is being inter-related to the other built infinite which may be conceptually and contextually related. Many parametric quantities can be evolved from such photographic analyses. 2.3 Model for Simulation Different sorts of results can be obtained so as to cipher parametric quantities when there is a physical or practical theoretical account is entitled for rating. The influence of orientation of the edifice, Sun visible radiation, air current behaviour, all these can be calculated through edifice mold procedure. Scale physical theoretical account can be tested in the lab by the procedure of air current tunnel trial for proving air current form, BESTEST [ The Building Energy Simulation Test ] for ciphering the edifice energy consumption for a peculiar clip period and giving consequences to optimise it efficaciously. Different package like Design Builders, Ecotect analysis package etc. simplifies the undertaking to place the variable like DBT [ Dry Bulb Temperature ] , WBT [ Wet Bulb Temperature ] and humidness degree inside the suites etc. During the research procedure one can alter the parametric quantities and look into the computations for different chances and deduce the best opti on for deduction into the several site specific constructing design. Types of Simulation Research 3.1 Iconic In this sort of research testing of stuff or merchandises are executed with the aid of simulation oriented intercessions. The simulation chiefly involves in the procedure of altering variables limit, instead than alteration in stuffs for the simulation. 3.2 Analogous This sort of simulation occurs, when there is an existent or proposed physical system is carried by following comparative analysis matrix. This type of research includes the Model simulation by taking all the parametric quantities into consideration and compares the properties and impacts at the same time. 3.3 Operational When people are involved for determination devising procedure operational simulation happens. This theoretical account deals with peoples interaction with physical context but accent is more upon the informations generated by the function drama. This sort of simulation advantages by skit drama or some sort of act for bring forthing consciousness among people. Audiences are the variable parametric quantities who are altering their positions harmonizing to the emotional fond regard of the narrative in the practical universe which they relate to existent universe scenario [ 6 ] . 3.4 Mathematical System of figure coding that gaining controls existent universe relationships in quantifiable abstract values related to practical universe scenario. This mathematical simulation chiefly deals with the appraisal and costing of the edifice. While doing the entire preliminary budget of the undertaking many substitutions and combinations occurs between the pick of stuffs, labour and in break uping stat mi rock. All these available types of simulation research can be done with the aid of either physical or practical theoretical accounts. The constructs are same but the analysis or the results may be changing as all these are involved in different parametric quantities and different state of affairss [ 2 ] . Simulation and relation with other types of research 4.1 Relationship between Simulation Research and Logical Argumentation Research The logical debate research explains the dynamic interactions and relationships but can non really show them. But the simulation research is designed to ordain a peculiar instance or at most of limited figure of instance specimen of the general theory. [ 2 ] 4.2 Relationship between Simulation Research and Experimental Research Experimental research isolates a context and identifies a peculiar variable that can be manipulated to see how it affects with other variables. Experimental research is more related to iconic simulation research. But simulation research recognizes that cause-effect relationships are normally is non clear in existent universe context which ever involve probabilistic factor [ 2 ] . Experimental research involves the realistic attack of happening the factor associated with the concerned undertaking whereas the simulation research merely gives us a practical acknowledgment of naming the undertaking aspects. 4.3 Relationship between Simulation Research and Qualitative Research Simulation research involves carry oning interviews which are held on-line, look intoing records accurately and in a shorter span of clip. Checking paperss or other sort of field-works which are chiefly supposed to be qualitative research oriented [ 2 ] . Tactical Concern Retroflexing the existent universe scenario simulation research has some restrictions. Wayss to get the better of such mistakes becomes an built-in portion of tactics. The Strategic tactics are: Accuracy in reproduction is besides a affair of concern in this process [ 3 ] ; Data mistake is a liability that is sometimes found in such procedures ; co-ordination job may besides originate if there is improper balance in executing ; duplicate of informations or wrongly placed informations or incorrect input of informations is sometimes caused by manual mistakes which is conventionally a drawback in simulation procedures. Output printing/ patterning mistakes are besides possible in such a scenario [ 4 ] . Characteristic of Simulation Research 6.1 Strength of Simulation Research Simulation research is capturing the complexness of existent universe behaviours i.e. natural and societal behaviours. It provides a assortment of ways of understanding the future behaviours of a context i.e. form and projection of behaviours. It provides harmoniousness between logical debate research, qualitative research, and experimental research and keeps a changeless relationship between them [ 5 ] . 6.2 Weakness of Simulation Research Simulation research replicates a existent universe scenario but there is no confidence of completeness of the research in a jutting agenda. This attack may non carry through the kernel demand of an entreaty. There might be many calculating mistakes possible during this procedure [ 6 ] . The deficiency of truth might be ensuing in certain proficient liabilities in the scenario. This research is costlier than other type of research. The disbursal undertaken in this phenomenal procedure is comparatively high and therefore the installing disbursals are besides well dearly-won. The clip taken by such a procedure is besides really long. It consumes literally more clip to take attention of every agreeableness of this procedure which would linger the entire docket to a longer period of clip. Decision Architectural simulation research can be in effectual instrumental tool in appropriate and instance specific design processes, as it infers possible parametric quantities derived out of assorted research faculties. Architectural simulation research helps in streamlining terminal user penchants and impacts by act uponing proper design deductions such as: Analysis of air pollutant scattering is identified utilizing atmospheric scattering mold in edifice industry ; Design of Noise barriers to consequence roadway noise extenuation is besides one of these attacks ; It mitigates the backgrounds of acoustical mistakes in a design ; Weather prediction is besides a part of simulations in today’s practical universe ; The information and about accurate anticipations of conditions and clime are made with the aid of put to deathing simulation placing techniques in certain instruments to retain the value of climate feature of a topographic point ; Live Forecasting of monetary values on fisc al markets and stock markets is an intimal extent of simulations in engineering ; Behavior of constructions [ such as edifices and industrial parts ] under emphasis and other conditions are besides estimated via simulations ; This phenomenon is utile in set abouting the stableness confidence of a construction ; Designs of industrial procedures, such as chemical processing workss are possible due to it ; Strategic Management and Organizational Studies are managed decently by these procedures ; Urban Simulation Models that simulate dynamic forms of urban development and responses to urban land usage and transit policies ; Traffic technology utilizes it to be after or redesign parts of the street web from individual junctions over metropoliss to a national main road web, for transit system planning, design and operations ; Modeling edifices clangs to prove safety mechanisms in new edifice theoretical accounts is an alien end product of the simulation oriented technological promotion. Mentions Fraser, M. [ 2013 ] . Design Research in Architecture an Overview. London: Ashgate. Groat, L. N. , A ; Wang, D. [ 2013 ] . Architectural Research Methods, 2nd Edition. Wiley. Hughes, R. , A ; Tanna, S. [ 2013 ] . Specifications of GPST Stage 3: Written and Simulation Exercises. Jp Medical Ltd. Lin, L. H. [ 2011 ] . Specifications of Advanced Research on Computer Education, Simulation and Modeling. Springer. Marans, D. S. [ 2013 ] . Specifications of Environmental Simulation: Research and Policy Issues. Springer Us. Sharma, S. C. [ 2006 ] . Specifications of Operation Research: Simulation and Replacement Theory, Discovery Publishing House. How to cite Simulation in Architectural Research, Essay examples

The Future Of America Essays - Criminology, Crime, Social Psychology

The Future Of America The Future of America? A hungry boy stole food from a market, was caught, and his right hand was chopped off. The next week the same boy, stole fruit from an orchard, again was spotted, and his left hand was chopped off. A few weeks later, leaving the back door to a bakery open, his mouth full and eyes no less vibrant, the boy was caught once again. The men of the town were stumped, what was to be chopped off next? The men of the town did not know what to do, until someone offered giving the boy a job. The boy never stole again. As difficult as it may be to remain open-minded when addressing a situation, sometimes the alternative solutions are better than that of the extreme. Throughout American history, there is evidence of over-coming close mindedness. This evidence is seen in women's voting rights and African American's freedom. With the increasing youth violence present in America, we are once again given a task. This task, like that of Women's Suffrage and Civil Rights, is not going to have a simple s olution. If the men in the story above had not come up with an alternative solution, what would be chopped off next? Arms? Feet? After reading about this topic and all its perspectives, I believe that severe punishment will always fail to deter youth crime. Rehabilitation and prevention, as difficult as they may be to accept, deserve attention. Arguments have resulted from examining the increase of convicted youth criminals and the severity of crimes committed. The youth crime rate has reached a twenty year high, says Patricia Cohen in her article entitled, Punishment. Equally staggering she says, is the fact that from 1988-1991 the youth murder-arrest rate climbed 80 percent(518). Terrible crimes committed by youth are sometimes as serious as those of their adult counterparts. As a result, the term ?youth' is no longer synonymous with innocence. With this sudden madness, as coined by Males and Docuyanan in Crackdown on Kids: Giving Up on the Young, juveniles are being deferred into court at lower and lower ages(519). This can be seen in Wisconsin where ten-year-old children can be tried as adults for murder(519). Does imprisonment deter youth crime? Some people believe it is the only way to go, others disagree. Males and Docuyanan are among those who disagree, bringing up the point that, If more prisons and surer sentences were the solutions to crime and delinquency, California should be a haven where citizens leave doors unlocked and stroll midnight streets unmenaced(521). This is ironic because California having the third largest inmate system in the world, has failed to deter youth crime. Evidence for this is seen in California's youth murder-arrest rate; it is one of the highest in the world(520). The fact that poverty-level minorities comprise the majority of youth criminals, proves that imprisonment's failure to deter crime is a consequent of poverty's inability of being policed. Although time consuming and somewhat arduous, evaluating youth criminals cases for correlations can help us understand where the criminals are coming from socially and economically. One common denominator in many of the youth criminals case's as mentioned above, is poverty. Evidence for this strong correlation discussed by Males and Docuyanan, is seen in the cities like Los Angeles where economic gaps are well pronounced. Los Angeles, home to 200,000 poverty stricken adolescents, had more teen murders reported, than the whole state of California(520). Along with poverty, another similarity in these cases is that of race. African American and Hispanic youth account for six out of seven juvenile arrests(520). When these strong correlations are presented, the focus moves from the youth criminal as an i ndividal to youth criminals as a poverty-level minority. Society's obligations are being questioned here as part of our socity is seen to be struggling to survive. Although some victims of youth crime want to see the criminal held completely accountable for their actions, other victims recognize this issue as a wide spread problem, and would like to see it addressed. Deborah Dickerson in Who Shot Johnny?, described how her nephew was shot for no apparent reason by a youth criminal. The confusion, anger and feeling of loss that this